Mumbai (formerly Bombay — renamed in 1995 by the Shiv Sena government, restoring the Marathi name derived from Mumba Devi, the patron goddess of the Koli fishing community who were the original inhabitants of the seven islands that were joined by the British into one landmass by 1784) is the financial and commercial capital of India (contributing 25% of India's corporate tax revenue and 70% of the capital transactions), the home of Bollywood (the world's most prolific film industry — over 1,000 films per year, making Mumbai the Hollywood of the entire non-English-speaking world) and a city of extraordinary and brutal contrasts: the Art Deco and Victorian Gothic buildings of the British colonial period (UNESCO — the finest collection of Victorian Gothic architecture outside Britain, with the Victoria Terminus (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus) the most architecturally elaborate railway station in the world) exist alongside Dharavi (one of the largest urban slums in Asia, a functioning economy of 1 million people producing leather goods and recycling plastic) and the Malabar Hill mansions of billionaires. Mumbai's food is the most distinct of any Indian city: the vada pav (the potato dumpling in a bread roll with garlic chutney — the most popular street food in India), the bhel puri (the puffed rice, sev and tamarind chutney mixture), the pav bhaji (the spiced vegetable mash with butter-soaked rolls) and the extraordinary seafood of the coastal Koli and Malvani cuisine.
The Gateway of India (the 26m basalt arch on the Colaba waterfront, built 1924 to commemorate the 1911 visit of King George V and Queen Mary — the last British troops left India through this gateway on February 28, 1948, the year after independence: history's finest architectural irony. The gateway faces the Arabian Sea; the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel (1903) directly behind it. At dawn the harbor is quiet, the fishing boats returning, the Elephanta Island ferries not yet running. The most iconic view in Mumbai.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideElephanta Island (Gharapuri — the UNESCO World Heritage island 9km from the Gateway of India in Mumbai Harbour, accessible by ferry (1 hr, ₹180 return): the 6th–8th century rock-cut cave temples carved directly into the basalt hill — the Cave 1 (the Great Cave — 6,000 m² of cave space, the Maheshmurti (the 6m three-headed Shiva (Trimurti) — the most important example of Gupta-era sculpture in India: the three heads represent Shiva the creator (center, calm), Shiva the destroyer (left, fierce) and Shiva the preserver (right, feminine). The Portuguese colonial name comes from the stone elephant they found on arrival (now in the Dr Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Museum).
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideThe Colaba Causeway (the pedestrian market street of south Mumbai: silver jewellery, cotton kurtas, leather sandals, brass figurines, and the antique shops of Merewether Road (Dutch, Portuguese and British colonial silverware and furniture). The Leopold Café (1871 — the most famous café in Mumbai: the bullet holes in the mirror from the 2008 terrorist attacks (26/11 — when gunmen from Lashkar-e-Taiba killed 166 people in a 4-day assault on Mumbai, beginning at the Leopold Café, which reopened within 48 hours) are left visible as a defiant memorial. Irani chai (the strong sweetened tea brewed in the Zoroastrian Irani café tradition, brought by Zoroastrian immigrants from Iran in the 19th century) and bun maska (bread with butter) for ₹40.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideMarine Drive (the Queen's Necklace — the 3.6km curved seafront boulevard from Nariman Point to Girgaon Chowpatty, named for the arc of street lights that from above looks like a diamond necklace on the throat of Mumbai: the pavement where Mumbai exhales every evening — couples, families, students, office workers sitting on the low wall watching the Arabian Sea, eating bhel puri and sev puri from the cart-wallahs. Dinner: a Malvani seafood dhaba in Girgaon — surmai (kingfish) fry, tisrya (clams) in coconut curry and solkadi (the Konkani digestive drink of coconut milk, kokum and green chilli).
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज टर्मिनस — UNESCO World Heritage — 1888, architect Frederick William Stevens, Victorian Gothic style on a scale unseen outside Europe: the stone tracery, the carved grotesques, the pointed arches, the central dome topped with a figure of Progress (a female figure holding a torch aloft) — a building so overwhelming that when it was used as a backdrop in the 2008 terrorist attack it appeared in world media as a generic "India" background that nobody could identify. The 7 million passengers per day make it the busiest railway station in Asia and one of the busiest in the world. Go at rush hour (9–10am) to see the crowds.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideDharavi (धारावी — the 2.1 km² area in the center of Mumbai, home to approximately 1 million people, one of the most densely populated places on earth: the dharavi slum is simultaneously the largest slum in Asia and a functioning micro-economy generating ₹65 billion (€700 million) per year from leather tanning, pottery, textiles, plastics recycling and food production. A guided tour (Reality Tours and Travel — the ethical tour operator that returns 80% of profits to Dharavi schools and community projects, ₹800) walks through the production zones and residential lanes with a resident guide who explains the community from the inside.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideBandra (the "Queen of the Suburbs" — the suburb north of Worli that is simultaneously the most desirable residential address in Mumbai (Shah Rukh Khan's Mannat mansion, Salman Khan's Galaxy Apartments) and a neighborhood of the finest restaurants, cafés and the Bandstand Promenade (the 1km seafront walkway past the celebrity houses): the Taj Land's End hotel at the tip of the Bandra Headland gives the finest view of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link (2010 — the cable-stayed bridge across the Mahim Bay, the most iconic modern infrastructure project in Mumbai) from its terrace.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideVada pav (वडा पाव — the Mumbai street food: a spiced and deep-fried potato dumpling (vada) in a small bread roll (pav) with green chilli, dried garlic chutney (the crucial component — made from dried Kashmiri chilli, garlic and coconut, deep red and intensely aromatic), and fresh coriander chutney. Ashok Vada Pav (Vile Parle — the most famous vada pav stall in Mumbai, the one where the queue never ends) or any of the 10,000+ vada pav carts across the city. ₹15–25 per vada pav — the finest and cheapest meal in India.
Chor Bazaar (चोर बाजार — "Thieves' Market", Mutton Street, Dharavi Road — the oldest flea market in Mumbai, established 1869, with 150+ shops selling (or reselling) Art Deco furniture from the 1930s Bombay apartments being demolished, Bollywood film posters from the 1960s, Dutch colonial silverware, gramophone records, Ganesh figurines in every possible size and material, and the beautiful broken detritus of 200 years of urban life in one of the world's most cosmopolitan cities. The name "Chor Bazaar" (literally "Thieves' Market") comes from the colonial British dismissal of the market as selling stolen goods — or from the Urdu word "shor" (noise/crowd) mispronounced by British officers.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideDhobi Ghat (धोबी घाट — Mahalaxmi, central Mumbai — the open-air laundry where 5,000 washermen (dhobi — the laundry caste) have washed the clothes of Mumbai's hotels, hospitals and households since the 1890s: 1,026 wash pens (concrete troughs, each with its own "flogging stone") in the Mahalaxmi ghat, where clothes are soaked, beaten against the stone, rinsed and hung to dry on thousands of clotheslines. The best view: from the Mahalaxmi bridge or railway bridge (free, pedestrian walkway), looking down at the mosaic of colored fabric and the rhythmic beating of cloth.
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuideA Bollywood film at a PVR multiplex (the largest cinema chain in India) or a single-screen art deco cinema (the Regal in Colaba (1933 — the finest Art Deco cinema in India, now closed for renovation; the Sterling or the Eros are still operating): Bollywood films in their home city, in Hindi (subtitled in English at some screenings, though the emotions require no translation), with the interval (the 15-minute break at the halfway point of every Indian film — mandatory, as Bollywood films are 2.5–3 hours — during which samosas, chai and popcorn are sold in the lobby).
🎫 Book tickets via GetYourGuidePav bhaji (पाव भाजी — the Mumbai street classic: a thick spiced vegetable mash (bhaji — potatoes, tomatoes, onions, capsicum, peas, cauliflower and butter, all mashed together with the pav bhaji masala spice blend and a very generous quantity of butter (Amul butter — the Indian dairy cooperative butter)) served with soft rolls (pav) toasted on the same butter-coated griddle. Sardar Pav Bhaji (Tardeo Road — the most famous pav bhaji restaurant in Mumbai, established 1950s, always a queue) — the butter is obscene, the bhaji is perfect, the price is ₹80–120.
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